A system note is a ticket message source

Merge and Split both 500ed. The audit note each writes uses `source = 'system'`
and the column is `enum('web','email')`, so the insert threw inside the
transaction and nothing committed — which is why the operator saw no state change
at all rather than a half-done merge.

Widened to an enum rather than a varchar, and the reasoning is the same test that
made `tickets.status` a varchar in `2026_04_17_000002`: statuses became
operator-definable rows, so their domain is open. `source` is the opposite — all
three values are set by code, an operator can never add a fourth, and the enum is
what keeps a typo'd source loud instead of a silently unfilterable row.

`TicketMessage::system()` is now the only place a system note is written. Three
scattered literals is how this reopens.

A SECOND 500 ON THE SAME ACTION, unreported and one longer title away. `split()`
appended ' (split)' to a title the product validates at max:255, so splitting a
full-length title produced 263 characters and the identical hard failure. Bounded
at the write rather than widened, and the distinction is written down: widen when
the data is right and the column is wrong; bound when the column expresses a real
product rule. 255 is the product's own limit, so a 263-character title would be
un-editable forever — the edit form would bounce it every time.

And `split()` now honours its own comment. Line 682 has always said "exclude
system notes" while the code copied them; it never mattered because no system row
could exist. The moment the enum accepts them, splitting a merged ticket would
carry "Merged from ticket QAX-0005." onto a ticket that was never merged.

database/migrations/2026_08_29_000001_a_system_note_is_a_ticket_message_source.php

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+/**
+ * MERGE AND SPLIT WROTE A `source` THE COLUMN DID NOT ACCEPT.  [central-ticketing] #415
+ *
+ * Both actions write an audit note into `ticket_messages` with `source = 'system'`,
+ * and the column was created as `enum('web','email')`. Under strict mode the insert
+ * throws `Data truncated for column 'source'` INSIDE the transaction, so nothing
+ * commits: no merge, no split, no partial state, and a generic 500 page. Every
+ * guard around them worked — a missing reference, a self-merge and an absent
+ * `source_number` were all handled correctly — so only the happy path was broken,
+ * which is why it survived.
+ *
+ * ── THE WHOLE DOMAIN, NOT THE ONE IN THE TRACE ──────────────────────────────
+ *
+ * The trace named `'system'`. Widening to accept only that would be a guess about
+ * how many more there are, so every value written to this column anywhere in the
+ * platform was enumerated first:
+ *
+ *   'web'     TicketMessageController::store(), the demo seeder
+ *   'email'   the demo seeder (no inbound-mail ingester exists yet)
+ *   'system'  TicketController::merge() and ::split(), the three notes
+ *
+ * `split()` also copies `$msg->source` verbatim when duplicating a thread, which
+ * introduces no fourth value. So the set is closed at three and this runs once.
+ *
+ * ── WHY AN ENUM AND NOT A VARCHAR ───────────────────────────────────────────
+ *
+ * `tickets.status` went the other way — `2026_04_17_000002` deliberately widened it
+ * from an enum to `varchar(50)` — and the difference is the test worth writing down:
+ * statuses became OPERATOR-DEFINABLE rows in `ticketing_statuses`, so no enum could
+ * ever hold them. `source` is the opposite: all three values are set by code, an
+ * operator has no way to add a fourth, and the enum is what makes a typo'd source a
+ * loud failure rather than a silently unfilterable row.
+ *
+ * The write side is bounded too — `TicketMessage::system()` is now the only place a
+ * system note is created, so the three scattered `'source' => 'system'` literals that
+ * caused this cannot reappear one at a time.
+ */
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        DB::statement(
+            "ALTER TABLE ticket_messages
+             MODIFY COLUMN source ENUM('web','email','system') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'web'"
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        // Rewrite the rows first: narrowing an enum that still holds 'system' turns
+        // those rows into the empty string rather than failing, which would leave the
+        // merge and split notes present but unattributable. 'web' is the honest
+        // fallback — they were written by a person pressing a button in the app.
+        DB::table('ticket_messages')->where('source', 'system')->update(['source' => 'web']);
+
+        DB::statement(
+            "ALTER TABLE ticket_messages
+             MODIFY COLUMN source ENUM('web','email') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'web'"
+        );
+    }
+};

src/Http/Controllers/TicketController.php

@@ -626,13 +626,7 @@ class TicketController extends Controller
                 ->update(['ticket_id' => $ticket->id]);
 
             // Add a system note marking the merge
-            TicketMessage::create([
-                'ticket_id'   => $ticket->id,
-                'user_id'     => Auth::id(),
-                'body'        => "Merged from ticket {$source->number}.",
-                'is_internal' => true,
-                'source'      => 'system',
-            ]);
+            TicketMessage::system($ticket, "Merged from ticket {$source->number}.");
 
             // Add source's submitter as a participant (if not already the submitter of target)
             if ($source->submitter_id !== $ticket->submitter_id) {
@@ -672,16 +666,31 @@ class TicketController extends Controller
                 'submitter_id' => $ticket->submitter_id,
                 'assigned_to' => $ticket->assigned_to,
                 'project_id'  => $ticket->project_id,
-                'title'       => $ticket->title . ' (split)',
+                'title'       => static::splitTitle($ticket->title),
                 'description' => $ticket->description,
                 'status'      => 'open',
                 'priority_id' => $ticket->priority_id,
                 'due_date'    => $ticket->due_date,
             ]);
 
-            // Duplicate messages (exclude system notes)
+            /*
+             * Duplicate messages, EXCLUDING system notes.
+             *
+             * This comment has always said "exclude" and the code never did. It cost
+             * nothing while the enum rejected 'system', because no system row could
+             * exist to copy — #415 makes them writable, so without this a split of a
+             * previously-merged ticket would carry "Merged from ticket QAX-0005." into
+             * a brand-new ticket that was never merged with anything.
+             *
+             * A system note is an audit record of something that happened to THIS
+             * ticket. The copy gets its own, written below.
+             */
             $ticket->load('messages');
             foreach ($ticket->messages as $msg) {
+                if ($msg->isSystem()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 TicketMessage::create([
                     'ticket_id'        => $newTicket->id,
                     'user_id'          => $msg->user_id,
@@ -693,20 +702,8 @@ class TicketController extends Controller
             }
 
             // Cross-reference notes on both tickets
-            TicketMessage::create([
-                'ticket_id'   => $ticket->id,
-                'user_id'     => Auth::id(),
-                'body'        => "Split: new ticket {$newTicket->number} created from this ticket.",
-                'is_internal' => true,
-                'source'      => 'system',
-            ]);
-            TicketMessage::create([
-                'ticket_id'   => $newTicket->id,
-                'user_id'     => Auth::id(),
-                'body'        => "Split from ticket {$ticket->number}.",
-                'is_internal' => true,
-                'source'      => 'system',
-            ]);
+            TicketMessage::system($ticket, "Split: new ticket {$newTicket->number} created from this ticket.");
+            TicketMessage::system($newTicket, "Split from ticket {$ticket->number}.");
 
             return $newTicket;
         });
@@ -715,6 +712,39 @@ class TicketController extends Controller
             ->with('success', "Ticket {$newTicket->number} created from split.");
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The split ticket's title: the original plus a suffix, guaranteed to fit.
+     *
+     * `tickets.title` is varchar(255) and both store() and update() validate the
+     * title at `max:255`. Appending " (split)" to a title already at the limit
+     * produced 263 characters and the same hard 500 as #415 — a second, unreported
+     * instance of it on the very action being fixed, needing only a long enough
+     * title to trigger.
+     *
+     * ── WHY THIS IS BOUNDED AND NOT WIDENED ─────────────────────────────────
+     *
+     * The sibling defect in central-radius (#410) was fixed the other way: a
+     * 510-character skip reason was widened into the column rather than shortened,
+     * because the reason was the point and the column was simply too small.
+     *
+     * The rule that separates them is what the limit MEANS. 255 here is not an
+     * incidental column width — it is the product's own declared, user-facing title
+     * limit, enforced by two validation rules. Widening the column to fit 263 would
+     * mint rows the edit form then refuses to save, so the ticket could never be
+     * corrected by anyone: a row the product will not let you fix is worse than a
+     * truncated title. So: widen when the data is right and the column is wrong;
+     * bound when the column expresses a real product rule.
+     *
+     * Multibyte-safe by character, because varchar(255) counts characters.
+     */
+    private static function splitTitle(string $title): string
+    {
+        $suffix = ' (split)';
+        $room   = 255 - mb_strlen($suffix);
+
+        return (mb_strlen($title) > $room ? mb_substr($title, 0, $room) : $title).$suffix;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Add a participant to a ticket.
      */

src/Models/TicketMessage.php

@@ -5,9 +5,20 @@ namespace Dashboard\Ticketing\Models;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 
 class TicketMessage extends Model
 {
+    /**
+     * Every value `ticket_messages.source` accepts, written down once.
+     *
+     * The column is an enum and this is the same list, so the two can be compared
+     * rather than remembered. #415 was three `'source' => 'system'` literals against
+     * a column that only knew 'web' and 'email' — the value existed in the code for
+     * as long as merge and split have, and nowhere in the schema.
+     */
+    public const SOURCES = ['web', 'email', 'system'];
+
     protected $fillable = [
         'ticket_id', 'user_id', 'author_email', 'body',
         'is_internal', 'source', 'email_message_id',
@@ -17,6 +28,33 @@ class TicketMessage extends Model
         'is_internal' => 'boolean',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * THE ONLY WAY A SYSTEM NOTE IS WRITTEN.
+     *
+     * Merge writes one and split writes two, and before this they were three
+     * separate literals in one controller — which is how all three carried a
+     * `source` the column rejected, and how a fourth would have joined them.
+     *
+     * A system note is always internal: it is the audit trail of an agent action,
+     * addressed to whoever works the ticket next, and never to the submitter.
+     */
+    public static function system(Ticket|int $ticket, string $body): self
+    {
+        return static::create([
+            'ticket_id'   => $ticket instanceof Ticket ? $ticket->id : $ticket,
+            'user_id'     => Auth::id(),
+            'body'        => $body,
+            'is_internal' => true,
+            'source'      => 'system',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /** A note this class wrote, rather than a person or a mailbox. */
+    public function isSystem(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->source === 'system';
+    }
+
     public function ticket(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Ticket::class, 'ticket_id');